LoPy1 to LoPy1 Nanogateway



  • Hi everyone,

    I have been trying for quite sometime to get a LoPy1 to LoPy1 nanogateway setup. I've checked throughout the forums many times and I cannot seem to find what I am doing incorrectly I cannot get OTAA or ABP to show up. Please any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. My firmware for both is at the latest 1.17.3. I use one board attached to a pyTrack and powered on, and the other I power on through a breadboard with 5V, 3.3V and GND. Both have good working antennas on. (Also when using the OTAA for US915 there is a join data rate issue, none of the values are within range).

    Below is my code for my LoPy1 Node for ABP_US915 which appears to run fine it says it sends a packet but only once even though it is supposed to be looping. It has never shown up on my TTN applications. With that code I also include my config.py in the libraries folder in the flash.

    main.py of LoPy NODE

    from network import LoRa
    import socket
    import binascii
    import struct
    import time
    import config
    import pycom
    import math
    # initialize LoRa in LORAWAN mode.
    # Please pick the region that matches where you are using the device:
    # Asia = LoRa.AS923
    # Australia = LoRa.AU915
    # Europe = LoRa.EU868
    # United States = LoRa.US915
    lora = LoRa(mode=LoRa.LORAWAN, region=LoRa.US915)
    pycom.heartbeat(False)
    i = 97
    # create an ABP authentication params
    dev_addr = struct.unpack(">l", binascii.unhexlify('26021B6A'.replace(' ','')))[0]
    nwk_swkey = binascii.unhexlify('6A9EC55DD96E7559C309725BA03073F1'.replace(' ',''))
    app_swkey = binascii.unhexlify('F0F2462EE9D24C97A047537E733DA1A4'.replace(' ',''))
    
    # remove all the channels
    for channel in range(0, 72):
        lora.remove_channel(channel)
    
    # set all channels to the same frequency (must be before sending the OTAA join request)
    for channel in range(0, 72):
        lora.add_channel(channel, frequency=config.LORA_FREQUENCY, dr_min=0, dr_max=3)
    
    pycom.rgbled(0x7f7f00) # yellow
    time.sleep(2.5)
    # join a network using ABP (Activation By Personalization)
    
    lora.join(activation=LoRa.ABP, auth=(dev_addr, nwk_swkey, app_swkey))
    join = lora.has_joined()
    print("Join value %s" % join)
    
    while True:
        pycom.rgbled(0x7f7f00) # yellow
        time.sleep(2.5)
        if not lora.has_joined():
            print('Not joined yet...')
            join_wait += 1
            if join_wait == 5:
                lora.join(activation=LoRa.ABP, auth=(dev_addr, nwk_swkey, app_swkey))
                join_wait = 0
        else:
            break
    # create a LoRa socket
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_LORA, socket.SOCK_RAW)
    
    # set the LoRaWAN data rate
    s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_LORA, socket.SO_DR, config.LORA_NODE_DR)
    
    # make the socket blocking
    s.setblocking(False)
    pycom.rgbled(0x007f00) # green
    while True:
        pkt = b'PKT #' + bytes([i])
        print('Sending:', pkt)
        s.send(pkt)
        pycom.rgbled(0x0000ff) # blue
        time.sleep(5)
        i = i+1
    

    0_1527871865761_3e362b46-f630-44fa-a199-c7b1aa1edfcc-image.png
    0_1527872633256_b34235f9-d409-4d9b-862d-084d3852d63b-image.png

    CONFIG.PY

    
    import machine
    import ubinascii
    
    WIFI_MAC = ubinascii.hexlify(machine.unique_id()).lower()
    # Set  the Gateway ID to be the first 3 bytes of MAC address + 'FFFE' + last 3 bytes of MAC address
    #GATEWAY_ID = WIFI_MAC[:6] + "ffee" + WIFI_MAC[6:12]
    GATEWAY_ID = "aabbcc1711004411"
    print("GID %s" % GATEWAY_ID)
    SERVER = 'router.us.thethings.network'
    PORT = 1700
    
    NTP = "pool.ntp.org"
    NTP_PERIOD_S = 3600
    
    WIFI_SSID = 'Removed'
    WIFI_PASS = 'Removed this'
    
    # for EU868
    #LORA_FREQUENCY = 868100000
    #LORA_GW_DR = "SF7BW125" # DR_5
    #LORA_NODE_DR = 5
    
    # for US915
    LORA_FREQUENCY = 903900000
    LORA_GW_DR = "SF7BW125" # DR_1
    LORA_NODE_DR = 3
    print("Setup Complete")
    

    Next is my gateway lopy. I get push and pull ack as well as it appears on TTN but I never got any traffic or join requests, even though my node passes the join code. Note I am use robert-hh's code for the nanogateway due to a timing issue he informed me of, but changed to US915. It uses that same config file in the library

    main.py of LoPy nanogateway

    """ LoPy LoRaWAN Nano Gateway example usage """
    
    import config
    from nanogateway import NanoGateway
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        nanogw = NanoGateway(
            id=config.GATEWAY_ID,
            frequency=config.LORA_FREQUENCY,
            datarate=config.LORA_GW_DR,
            ssid=config.WIFI_SSID,
            password=config.WIFI_PASS,
            server=config.SERVER,
            port=config.PORT,
            ntp_server=config.NTP,
            ntp_period=config.NTP_PERIOD_S
            )
    
        nanogw.start()
        nanogw._log('You may now press ENTER to enter the REPL')
        input()
    

    nanogateway.py

    """ LoPy LoRaWAN Nano Gateway. Can be used for both EU868 and US915. """
    
    import errno
    import machine
    import ubinascii
    import ujson
    import uos
    import usocket
    import utime
    import _thread
    import gc
    from micropython import const
    from network import LoRa
    from network import WLAN
    from machine import Timer
    from machine import WDT
    
    PROTOCOL_VERSION = const(2)
    
    PUSH_DATA = const(0)
    PUSH_ACK = const(1)
    PULL_DATA = const(2)
    PULL_ACK = const(4)
    PULL_RESP = const(3)
    
    TX_ERR_NONE = 'NONE'
    TX_ERR_TOO_LATE = 'TOO_LATE'
    TX_ERR_TOO_EARLY = 'TOO_EARLY'
    TX_ERR_COLLISION_PACKET = 'COLLISION_PACKET'
    TX_ERR_COLLISION_BEACON = 'COLLISION_BEACON'
    TX_ERR_TX_FREQ = 'TX_FREQ'
    TX_ERR_TX_POWER = 'TX_POWER'
    TX_ERR_GPS_UNLOCKED = 'GPS_UNLOCKED'
    
    UDP_THREAD_CYCLE_MS = const(10)
    WDT_TIMEOUT = const(120000)
    
    
    STAT_PK = {
        'stat': {
            'time': '',
            'lati': 0,
            'long': 0,
            'alti': 0,
            'rxnb': 0,
            'rxok': 0,
            'rxfw': 0,
            'ackr': 100.0,
            'dwnb': 0,
            'txnb': 0
        }
    }
    
    RX_PK = {
        'rxpk': [{
            'time': '',
            'tmst': 0,
            'chan': 0,
            'rfch': 0,
            'freq': 0,
            'stat': 1,
            'modu': 'LORA',
            'datr': '',
            'codr': '4/5',
            'rssi': 0,
            'lsnr': 0,
            'size': 0,
            'data': ''
        }]
    }
    
    TX_ACK_PK = {
        'txpk_ack': {
            'error': ''
        }
    }
    
    
    class NanoGateway:
        """
        Nano gateway class, set up by default for use with TTN, but can be configured
        for any other network supporting the Semtech Packet Forwarder.
        Only required configuration is wifi_ssid and wifi_password which are used for
        connecting to the Internet.
        """
    
        def __init__(self, id, frequency, datarate, ssid, password, server, port, ntp_server='pool.ntp.org', ntp_period=3600):
            self.id = id
            self.server = server
            self.port = port
    
            self.frequency = frequency
            self.datarate = datarate
    
            self.ssid = ssid
            self.password = password
    
            self.ntp_server = ntp_server
            self.ntp_period = ntp_period
    
            self.server_ip = None
    
            self.rxnb = 0
            self.rxok = 0
            self.rxfw = 0
            self.dwnb = 0
            self.txnb = 0
    
            self.sf = self._dr_to_sf(self.datarate)
            self.bw = self._dr_to_bw(self.datarate)
    
            self.stat_alarm = None
            self.pull_alarm = None
            self.uplink_alarm = None
    
            self.wlan = None
            self.sock = None
            self.udp_stop = False
            self.udp_lock = _thread.allocate_lock()
    
            self.lora = None
            self.lora_sock = None
    
            self.rtc = machine.RTC()
    
        def start(self):
            """
            Starts the LoRaWAN nano gateway.
            """
    
            self._log('Starting LoRaWAN nano gateway with id: {}', self.id)
    
            # setup WiFi as a station and connect
            self.wlan = WLAN(mode=WLAN.STA)
            self._connect_to_wifi()
    
            # get a time sync
            self._log('Syncing time with {} ...', self.ntp_server)
            self.rtc.ntp_sync(self.ntp_server, update_period=self.ntp_period)
            while not self.rtc.synced():
                utime.sleep_ms(50)
            self._log("RTC NTP sync complete")
    
            # get the server IP and create an UDP socket
            self.server_ip = usocket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1]
            self._log('Opening UDP socket to {} ({}) port {}...', self.server, self.server_ip[0], self.server_ip[1])
            self.sock = usocket.socket(usocket.AF_INET, usocket.SOCK_DGRAM, usocket.IPPROTO_UDP)
            self.sock.setsockopt(usocket.SOL_SOCKET, usocket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
            self.sock.setblocking(False)
    
            # push the first time immediatelly
            self._push_data(self._make_stat_packet())
    
            # create the alarms
            self.stat_alarm = Timer.Alarm(handler=lambda t: self._push_data(self._make_stat_packet()), s=60, periodic=True)
            self.pull_alarm = Timer.Alarm(handler=lambda u: self._pull_data(), s=25, periodic=True)
    
            # start the UDP receive thread
            self.udp_stop = False
            _thread.start_new_thread(self._udp_thread, ())
    
            # initialize the LoRa radio in LORA mode
            self._log('Setting up the LoRa radio at {} Mhz using {}', self._freq_to_float(self.frequency), self.datarate)
            self.lora = LoRa(
                mode=LoRa.LORA,
                region=LoRa.US915,
                frequency=self.frequency,
                bandwidth=self.bw,
                sf=self.sf,
                preamble=8,
                coding_rate=LoRa.CODING_4_5,
                tx_iq=True
            )
    
            # create a raw LoRa socket
            self.lora_sock = usocket.socket(usocket.AF_LORA, usocket.SOCK_RAW)
            self.lora_sock.setblocking(False)
            self.lora_tx_done = False
    
            self.lora.callback(trigger=(LoRa.RX_PACKET_EVENT | LoRa.TX_PACKET_EVENT), handler=self._lora_cb)
    
            if uos.uname()[0] == "LoPy":
                self.window_compensation = -1000
            else:
                self.window_compensation = -6000
    
            self._log('LoRaWAN nano gateway online')
    
        def stop(self):
            """
            Stops the LoRaWAN nano gateway.
            """
    
            self._log('Stopping...')
    
            # send the LoRa radio to sleep
            self.lora.callback(trigger=None, handler=None)
            self.lora.power_mode(LoRa.SLEEP)
    
            # stop the NTP sync
            self.rtc.ntp_sync(None)
    
            # cancel all the alarms
            self.stat_alarm.cancel()
            self.pull_alarm.cancel()
    
            # signal the UDP thread to stop
            self.udp_stop = True
            while self.udp_stop:
                utime.sleep_ms(50)
    
            # disable WLAN
            self.wlan.disconnect()
            self.wlan.deinit()
    
        def _connect_to_wifi(self):
            self.wlan.connect(self.ssid, auth=(None, self.password))
            while not self.wlan.isconnected():
                utime.sleep_ms(50)
            self._log('WiFi connected to: {}', self.ssid)
    
        def _dr_to_sf(self, dr):
            sf = dr[2:4]
            if sf[1] not in '0123456789':
                sf = sf[:1]
            return int(sf)
    
        def _dr_to_bw(self, dr):
            bw = dr[-5:]
            if bw == 'BW125':
                return LoRa.BW_125KHZ
            elif bw == 'BW250':
                return LoRa.BW_250KHZ
            else:
                return LoRa.BW_500KHZ
    
        def _sf_bw_to_dr(self, sf, bw):
            dr = 'SF' + str(sf)
            if bw == LoRa.BW_125KHZ:
                return dr + 'BW125'
            elif bw == LoRa.BW_250KHZ:
                return dr + 'BW250'
            else:
                return dr + 'BW500'
    
        def _lora_cb(self, lora):
            """
            LoRa radio events callback handler.
            """
    
            events = lora.events()
            if events & LoRa.RX_PACKET_EVENT:
                self.rxnb += 1
                self.rxok += 1
                rx_data = self.lora_sock.recv(256)
                stats = lora.stats()
                packet = self._make_node_packet(rx_data, self.rtc.now(), stats.rx_timestamp, stats.sfrx, self.bw, stats.rssi, stats.snr)
                self._push_data(packet)
                self._log('Received packet: {}', packet)
                self.rxfw += 1
            if events & LoRa.TX_PACKET_EVENT:
                self.txnb += 1
                lora.init(
                    mode=LoRa.LORA,
                    region=LoRa.US915,
                    frequency=self.frequency,
                    bandwidth=self.bw,
                    sf=self.sf,
                    preamble=8,
                    coding_rate=LoRa.CODING_4_5,
                    tx_iq=True
                    )
    
        def _freq_to_float(self, frequency):
            """
            MicroPython has some inprecision when doing large float division.
            To counter this, this method first does integer division until we
            reach the decimal breaking point. This doesn't completely elimate
            the issue in all cases, but it does help for a number of commonly
            used frequencies.
            """
    
            divider = 6
            while divider > 0 and frequency % 10 == 0:
                frequency = frequency // 10
                divider -= 1
            if divider > 0:
                frequency = frequency / (10 ** divider)
            return frequency
    
        def _make_stat_packet(self):
            now = self.rtc.now()
            STAT_PK["stat"]["time"] = "%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT" % (now[0], now[1], now[2], now[3], now[4], now[5])
            STAT_PK["stat"]["rxnb"] = self.rxnb
            STAT_PK["stat"]["rxok"] = self.rxok
            STAT_PK["stat"]["rxfw"] = self.rxfw
            STAT_PK["stat"]["dwnb"] = self.dwnb
            STAT_PK["stat"]["txnb"] = self.txnb
            return ujson.dumps(STAT_PK)
    
        def _make_node_packet(self, rx_data, rx_time, tmst, sf, bw, rssi, snr):
            RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["time"] = "%d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d.%dZ" % (rx_time[0], rx_time[1], rx_time[2], rx_time[3], rx_time[4], rx_time[5], rx_time[6])
            RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["tmst"] = tmst
            RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["freq"] = self._freq_to_float(self.frequency)
            RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["datr"] = self._sf_bw_to_dr(sf, bw)
            RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["rssi"] = rssi
            RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["lsnr"] = snr
            RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["data"] = ubinascii.b2a_base64(rx_data)[:-1]
            RX_PK["rxpk"][0]["size"] = len(rx_data)
            return ujson.dumps(RX_PK)
    
        def _push_data(self, data):
            token = uos.urandom(2)
            packet = bytes([PROTOCOL_VERSION]) + token + bytes([PUSH_DATA]) + ubinascii.unhexlify(self.id) + data
            with self.udp_lock:
                try:
                    self.sock.sendto(packet, self.server_ip)
                except Exception as ex:
                    self._log('Failed to push uplink packet to server: {}', ex)
    
        def _pull_data(self):
            token = uos.urandom(2)
            packet = bytes([PROTOCOL_VERSION]) + token + bytes([PULL_DATA]) + ubinascii.unhexlify(self.id)
            with self.udp_lock:
                try:
                    self.sock.sendto(packet, self.server_ip)
                except Exception as ex:
                    self._log('Failed to pull downlink packets from server: {}', ex)
    
        def _ack_pull_rsp(self, token, error):
            TX_ACK_PK["txpk_ack"]["error"] = error
            resp = ujson.dumps(TX_ACK_PK)
            packet = bytes([PROTOCOL_VERSION]) + token + bytes([PULL_ACK]) + ubinascii.unhexlify(self.id) + resp
            with self.udp_lock:
                try:
                    self.sock.sendto(packet, self.server_ip)
                except Exception as ex:
                    self._log('PULL RSP ACK exception: {}', ex)
    
        def _send_down_link(self, data, tmst, datarate, frequency):
            """
            Transmits a downlink message over LoRa.
            """
    
            self.lora.init(
                mode=LoRa.LORA,
                region=LoRa.US915,
                frequency=frequency,
                bandwidth=self._dr_to_bw(datarate),
                sf=self._dr_to_sf(datarate),
                preamble=8,
                coding_rate=LoRa.CODING_4_5,
                tx_iq=True
                )
            while utime.ticks_diff(utime.ticks_cpu(), tmst) > 0:
                pass
            self.lora_sock.settimeout(1)
            self.lora_sock.send(data)
            self.lora_sock.setblocking(False)
            self._log(
                'Sent downlink packet scheduled on {:.3f}, at {:,d} Hz using {}: {}',
                tmst / 1000000,
                frequency,
                datarate,
                data
            )
    
        def _udp_thread(self):
            """
            UDP thread, reads data from the server and handles it.
            """
    
            while not self.udp_stop:
                gc.collect()
                try:
                    data, src = self.sock.recvfrom(1024)
                    _token = data[1:3]
                    _type = data[3]
                    if _type == PUSH_ACK:
                        self._log("Push ack")
                    elif _type == PULL_ACK:
                        self._log("Pull ack")
                    elif _type == PULL_RESP:
                        self.dwnb += 1
                        ack_error = TX_ERR_NONE
                        tx_pk = ujson.loads(data[4:])
                        payload = ubinascii.a2b_base64(tx_pk["txpk"]["data"])
                        # depending on the board, pull the downlink message 1 or 6 ms upfronnt
                        tmst = utime.ticks_add(tx_pk["txpk"]["tmst"], self.window_compensation)
                        t_us = utime.ticks_diff(utime.ticks_cpu(), utime.ticks_add(tmst, -15000))
                        if 1000 < t_us < 10000000:
                            self.uplink_alarm = Timer.Alarm(
                                handler=lambda x: self._send_down_link(
                                    payload,
                                    tmst, tx_pk["txpk"]["datr"],
                                    int(tx_pk["txpk"]["freq"] * 1000 + 0.0005) * 1000
                                ),
                                us=t_us
                            )
                        else:
                            ack_error = TX_ERR_TOO_LATE
                            self._log('Downlink timestamp error!, t_us: {}', t_us)
                        self._ack_pull_rsp(_token, ack_error)
                        self._log("Pull rsp")
                except usocket.timeout:
                    pass
                except OSError as ex:
                    if ex.errno != errno.EAGAIN:
                        self._log('UDP recv OSError Exception: {}', ex)
                except Exception as ex:
                    self._log('UDP recv Exception: {}', ex)
    
                # wait before trying to receive again
                utime.sleep_ms(UDP_THREAD_CYCLE_MS)
    
            # we are to close the socket
            self.sock.close()
            self.udp_stop = False
            self._log('UDP thread stopped')
    
        def _log(self, message, *args):
            """
            Outputs a log message to stdout.
            """
    
            print('[{:>10.3f}] {}'.format(
                utime.ticks_ms() / 1000,
                str(message).format(*args)
    ))
    

    0_1527872476272_b93a6844-3774-4b61-9535-35fed3028c9b-image.png

    0_1527872706415_8c706136-c99e-4cb7-bbc3-fd2ffd5ce2be-image.png



  • I'm having a similar issue with mine - US, 915 mhz, on the dr=None allows the function to run but it never really joins.



  • Anyone with a LoPy to LoPy gateway got any suggestions?



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