LoRa.region doesn't accept any attribute

[AlejandroReyes]

Hello everyone, I'm pretty desperate at this point. I'm trying to work with a couple of Lopy4 and I want to connect them by LORA so first i tried to use the code i found on https://docs.pycom.io/chapter/tutorials/lora/lora-mac.html "LoRa-MAC (Raw LoRa)"

from network import LoRa
import socket
import machine
import time

# initialize LoRa in LORA mode
# Please pick the region that matches where you are using the device:
# Asia = LoRa.AS923
# Australia = LoRa.AU915
# Europe = LoRa.EU868
# United States = LoRa.US915
# more params can also be given, like frequency, tx power and spreading factor
lora = LoRa(mode=LoRa.LORA, region=LoRa.EU868)

# create a raw LoRa socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_LORA, socket.SOCK_RAW)

while True:
    # send some data
    s.setblocking(True)
    s.send('Hello')

    # get any data received...
    s.setblocking(False)
    data = s.recv(64)
    print(data)

    # wait a random amount of time
    time.sleep(machine.rng() & 0x0F)

I pasted that code on my main.py, connected my lopy4 and tried to run it and surprise, it throws me this error: AttributeError: type object 'LoRa' has no attribute 'US915'.
I already tried to change the attribute to every available option ('EU868', etc.) and it throws the same error. You may be thinking that my lopy4 or pytrack have some trouble but I ran this code also from docs.pycom.io :

import pycom
import time

pycom.heartbeat(False)

while True:
    pycom.rgbled(0xFF0000)  # Red
    time.sleep(1)
    pycom.rgbled(0x00FF00)  # Green
    time.sleep(1)
    pycom.rgbled(0x0000FF)  # Blue
    time.sleep(1)

And... it worked. I hope you can help me with this.

[Emmanuel Florent]

@researcher Nice chart, what hardware do you use on the GNURadio Side ? Software libraries ?

[researcher]

@prawnhead thanks for your suggestion. Indeed, when you are a first time pycom user, it is easy to fall in this error. Updated to version 1.18.0 and now script runs aswell. Now, I can see the LoRa pulse through my GNURadio GUI.

Thanks!

[moneer]

This post is deleted!

[robert-hh]

@alejandroreyes It means, the value returned is a byterarray (or bytes object) and not a string. You may convert it to a string using decode.
See also https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html or similar.

[AlejandroReyes]

@prawnhead
You were right, my problem is solved and I can go on with my project. Thank you so much. I just have one more doubt, the messages I get on the terminal are: b'Hello'. What does the b mean ?

[Prawnhead]

Hey Alejandro,

I think I've experienced this too. The code you've posted is for LoRa.MAC, as you said. You can also try to create a LoRa.LORAWAN object using this code:

from network import LoRa

lora = LoRa(mode=LoRa.LORAWAN, region=LoRa.EU868)

My guess is you'll get the same error. One or two things might be an issue here:

• Your firmware might be so old it doesn't contain any LoRa regions.
• If you haven't done a firmware upgrade (even to the same version) you won't have selected the LoRa region. There has to be a default region set on each device.

Can you please run this code to see the firmware version on your devices?

>>> import os
>>> os.uname()
(sysname='LoPy4', nodename='LoPy4', release='1.18.0', version='v1.8.6-849-046b350 on 2018-06-01', machine='LoPy4 with ESP32', lorawan='1.0.2', sigfox='1.0.1')
>>>

Either way, I'd recommend doing a firmware update to the latest (1.19) and checking the box "Force update LoRa region". See: 1.2.2 Updating Firmware in the documentation.

• Chris