Object with buffer protocol required

[phusy012]

Hi, I was trying to send ASCII txt from Lopy4 to gateway where I now tried to send the ascii txt in packets but based on line by line so that I can easily reconstruct the ascii txt on the receive node/gateway.

I used the code below;

from network import LoRa
import socket
import ubinascii
import struct
from time import sleep

LORA_FREQUENCY = 915000000
LORA_NODE_DR = 3
lora = LoRa(mode=LoRa.LORAWAN, region=LoRa.AU915)

dev_addr = struct.unpack(">l", ubinascii.unhexlify('0024f28c'))[0]
nwk_swkey = ubinascii.unhexlify('fce40d8e91545d50e2f914022f66a0cb')
app_swkey = ubinascii.unhexlify('c003d97951bf56d7e1ec8d8f0f9d2cee')

lora.join(activation=LoRa.ABP, auth=(dev_addr, nwk_swkey, app_swkey))

s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_LORA, socket.SO_DR, LORA_NODE_DR)

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_LORA, socket.SOCK_RAW)

s.setblocking(True)

f = open("SIGN.txt", "rb")

n = 30
'''characters_per_packet'''

def split(s, n):
    if len(s) <= n:
        return [s]
    else:
        return split(s[:n], n) + split(s[n:], n)

if __name__ == "__main__":

    while True:
        line = f.readline()

        if not line:
            print("Finished Printing")
            break

        send_packet = split(line, n)
        print(send_packet)
        s.send(send_packet)

But upon execution, I came with the error saying 'Object with buffer protocol required' (error nature attached). I tried to browse for how to build buffer protocol for this program but could not figure out. Any help would be appreciated.

Thank you in advance

[robert-hh]

@phusy012 You supplied a list to send, but send requires a bytearray, bytes-object or string. The function split and the logic you are calling seems not to match. If you want split to return a list of smaller chunks, the you must have send to iterate over these chunks, like:

        send_packet = split(line, n)
        print(send_packet)
        for packet in send_packet:
            s.send(packet)

[phusy012]

@robert-hh Thank you so much. Thank you for correcting me. Yes now I am able to send successfully.